The long-delayed NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan is leaving the country in a state with an uncertain future. As the conflict continues and an intra-Afghan peace agreement has yet to be reached, withdrawal does not mean the end, says the author of this paper. Now, NATO member states must ensure Afghanistan and the wellbeing of its people continues to be a priority. Despite gradual improvements in democracy and women’s rights, there is a humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan. International actors who had a role in the conflict should have a role in rebuilding the country and supporting a peace agreement.

Policy Paper – Maia Larose Saldana, July 2021

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